SHANGRALA'S
GREAT
WHITE
SHARK!
Great whites are found throughout the temperate marine waters of the world,
but they appear to prefer regions where there are or were substantial numbers
of seals. Main populations of the great white are found in waters off southern
Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, the north-east and Californian coasts
of America, southern Mexico, Chile and the Mediterranean. They can also be found
in smaller numbers off the Brazilian coast, the Caribbean, the Azores, Hawaii,
north-west Africa, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and the Seychelles.
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Most White sharks eat similar food. Though it is possible that different
sexes and age groups eat different things. For instance it is mainly male
sharks which migrate to the Farallon Islands to feed on young Elephant seals.
White sharks are warm-blooded and so they mainly eat oily or fatty fish, which
will give them lots of energy to keep them warm. It is impossible to tell which
types they dislike; but they do seem not to like the taste of humans as they
usually spit them out, if they attack one by mistake. Probably we do not have
enough fat for them.
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White sharks are very unusual for sharks in hunting by sight. They cruise along
well below the surface looking for the silhouette of potential prey above. They
shoot up from below and strike at the head of the prey, taking one bite and then
retreating to allow the creature to weaken before they go in to feed.
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I don't think anyone has actually counted how many teeth a Great white shark goes
through in its lifetime. We do know they replace their teeth every 6-8 weeks
allowing the front row to drop out and a new row to come up behind. They
typically have 2-4 rows of teeth showing at any one time. This means that the
great white goes through thousands of teeth and hundreds of rows in a lifetime.
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Adult Great White Sharks do not have many enemies. Only man is likely to attack them,
or dolphins and orcas if they feel threatened. They do not have much defence against
these, except trying to bite if they get the chance. Young white sharks are quite
large at birth (150 cm) and rely on speed and agility to avoid their predators,
larger sharks. They do, however, have to avoid injury when they attack their prey.
In general they attack at speed from below, roll their eyes so that only the tougher
white sclera is exposed, and pull their delicate snout back out of the way as they
bite. After a single bite they tend to stand off to let the prey weaken before
feeding on it.
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There is much that remains a mystery concerning the Great White's life cycle. Cameras
are being fitted to sharks, and sharks are also tracked by satellite to unravel the
mystery of this species. We know that they can travel thousands of kilometers
wondering aimlessly, but also return with precision to favoured places perhaps to
mate or feed. The species is found across the globe so it is highly likely that
their life cycle will vary to different environmental conditions but we think they
are all the same species of shark. For the best information get the book:
The Field Guide to the Great White Shark - R Aidan Martin ISBN:
0-9732395-0-6 Reef Quest Centre for Shark Research - USA, 2003.
the book includes a DVD.
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