GOD'S
HOLY
AND
ROYAL
PRIESTS!
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GOD'S HOLY AND ROYAL PRIESTS
by John W. Schoenheit
When God started the Christian Church, He did something different from
what He had done since Adam and Eve left Eden: He gave every single
believer a job to do in the Church and He spiritually equipped each one
with the ability to do that job. This was a monumental break from the
way He set up worship in the Old Testament.
Worship Before the Law
The origins of how people began to properly worship God after Adam and
Eve were driven out of the Garden of Eden are not specifically known.
Nevertheless, there are pieces of the puzzle that we can fit together
by carefully reading and properly translating the Bible. For example,
we can piece together that God started blood sacrifice and substitution
for sin when He made garments of animal skin for Adam and Eve (Gen.
3:21). We can also see from the worship offered by Cain and Abel,
Noah, Abraham, and others before the Law, that God had rules concerning
the proper way, and times, to worship Him.
Before the Law, the head of the family acted as the priest for the
family and the patriarch of the family clan acted as the priest for the
family clan. Thus, Job purified his children, and made sacrifices for
them (Job 1:5), and Noah (Gen. 8:20), Abraham (Gen. 12:7, 8; 13:18),
Isaac (Gen. 26:25), and Jacob (Gen. 31:54; 35:1-4), led their families
in sacrifice to God. That the patriarch sacrificed animals for
himself and his family is often not as clear in English as it is in the
Hebrew text. For example, while most English versions say that Abraham
"built an altar" to Yahweh (Gen. 13:18), we usually get a mental
picture of a simple pile of stones upon which Abraham then worshipped.
Why we have this nice looking mental picture is understandable, since
many Churches have "altars" and they are usually very nice looking
structures. However, the Hebrew word translated "altar" is mizbeach,
and it means "place of slaughter." In his brilliant translation of
Genesis through Deuteronomy, Everett Fox never uses "altar," but
instead uses the phrase "slaughter site." The "altars" of biblical
times were smelly, blood-covered, fly-infested places that no one
wanted close to his tent, and which graphically reminded any worshipper
of the messy and deadly-serious consequences of sin.
While worship in sparsely populated areas was led by the patriarch of
the family clan, worship in the cities was taking a different turn, one
that more closely resembled what God would later establish under the
Mosaic Law-a temple building and priests to lead the worship. The
"priest and temple" system of worship resulted in the people having
less and less to do in a worship service, and even that they were cut
off from direct access to God (or the gods). Thus, for example, by the
time Jacob and his family got to Egypt, which was long before God gave
Moses the revelation for the Tent of Meeting (called the "Tabernacle"
in the KJV), there was a very specialized and exclusive class of
priests who ministered to the various Egyptian gods. The "regular
Egyptian" was relegated to being little more than a spectator who
brought donations, or who participated in a limited way in carefully
regulated services.
Worship Under the Mosaic Law
After the Exodus (about 1,450 B.C.), God gave Moses the revelation
about the Tent of Meeting, which included regulations about priests
leading the worship services. God commanded that only Aaron and his
descendents were to be priests and serve Him directly. Presiding over
the priests, both in the Mosaic Law and in most pagan religions, was a
High Priest, who could act as priest to the other priests and to the
nation as a whole. The Law also made provisions for the men from the
tribe of Levi (the "Levites") to help the priests by doing lesser acts
of service in the Tent of Meeting.
Thus, under the Law, the heads of families were no longer allowed to
act as priests to God. In fact, the Old Testament was crystal clear
about what would happen if a "regular" person, a non-priest or Levite,
even went close to the Tent of Meeting-he would be put to death.
Numbers 1:50, 51 and 53 (Abridged)
(50a)...appoint the Levites to be in charge of the tabernacle of the
Testimony-over all its furnishings and everything belonging to it...they
are to take care of it and encamp around it.
(51b) Anyone else who goes near it shall be put to death.
(53b) The Levites are to be responsible for the care of the
tabernacle of the Testimony."
Even the Levites, however, could not do the specific jobs that God gave
to the priests, such as offer the sacrifices. Even for Levites, the
penalty for trying to do the work of a priest was death.
Numbers 3:10
Appoint Aaron and his sons to serve as priests; anyone else who
approaches the sanctuary must be put to death.
God made it very clear in the Law of Moses that there were only certain
people who were qualified to serve him as priests and workers. The
"regular Israelite" could bring an offering and watch certain parts of
the worship service (be a spectator), but they could not directly
participate in the work of the Tent of Meeting or Temple. Thus in both
pagan religions, and in God's revelation about how to properly worship
Him, the separation between the priests and the worshippers was clearly
defined.
Over time the two general categories of "priests" and "people" became
so deeply entrenched in people's minds that it seems very few people
even questioned it. Of course the different religions varied somewhat
as to who the priests were and what they did, and also in how the
priests were chosen from among the people. The Mosaic Law, for example,
dictated that a priest had to be a descendant of Aaron, the first High
Priest (Exod. 29:44; 30:30; Num. 3:10).
On the Day of Pentecost in Acts 2, God started a brand new program for
His worshippers. On Pentecost He created "the Body of Christ" as a
spiritual entity and started the Christian Church, something that had
never existed before. God made many significant changes in the way He
related to people and in the way they related to Him. For one thing, He
did away with the physical Temple, and the collective body of believers
became the new Temple.
1 Corinthians 3:16 (New Living Testament)
Don't you realize that all of you together are the temple of God
and that the Spirit of God lives in you?
Not only was the collective Body of believers the Temple, God also made
each believer a priest.
1 Peter 2:9
But you [plural: all of you] are a chosen people, a royal
priesthood, a holy nation, a people belonging to God, that you may
declare [the verb is plural] the praises of him who called you [plural:
all of you] out of darkness into his wonderful light.
Whereas 1 Peter 2:9 refers to us as a "royal priesthood," 1 Peter 2:5
calls believers a "holy priesthood." In the Christian Church, each
believer is a priest, and Jesus Christ is our High Priest (Heb. 2:17;
3:1; 4:14, 15). We are all to pray for each other (Col. 4:3, 4; 1
Thess. 5:25; Heb. 13:18). We are to allow others to confess their sins
to us (James 5:16). We are all to offer our bodies as living
sacrifices, and continually offer the sacrifice of praise to God along
with other "spiritual sacrifices" (Rom. 12:1; Heb. 13:15; 1 Pet. 2:5).
Furthermore, each believer is to do the work of the ministry, which is
clearly stated in a proper translation of Ephesians 4:12 (we will deal
with the translation question later in the article).
Ephesians 4:11 and 12
(11) It was he [Jesus] who gave some to be apostles, some to be
prophets, some to be evangelists, and some to be pastors and teachers,
(12) to prepare God's people for works of service, so that the body
of Christ may be built up
It is clear in verse 12 above that "God's people" are to do the works
of service that God requires. The New Testament Epistles make it clear
that Jesus Christ is the High Priest and the only mediator between God
and mankind, and that each believer has direct and personal access to
God and can serve Him directly. This doctrine is known as "the
priesthood of the believer," and was taught in the 1300's by the
Lollards, who were followers of John Wycliffe (c. 1320s to 1384).
Wycliffe disagreed with the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church, and
was the first person to translate the Bible into English. The concept
of "the priesthood of the believer" became an important part of the
Protestant Reformation. It clearly separated the Protestants from the
Roman Catholics, whose priests are separate from the people and are
supposedly specially empowered by God to perform sacraments such as
changing wine to the blood of Christ in the communion service.
The First Century Church and the Priesthood of the Believer
We do not have many records from the first century Church, so it is not
clear how smoothly the Church transitioned from the "Priests and
People" model of worship that had existed for many centuries, to the
new "Every Believer is a Priest" model of worship. We can tell from
Acts and the New Testament Epistles that apostles such as Paul and
Peter were aggressively promoting that each believer was to serve God
directly. The epistle of 1 Corinthians not only points out that each
member of the Church has an important function, but that members who
seem less important are actually very important (1 Cor. 12:18-26).
Many early Christians quickly adopted the new teaching and started to
meet in small groups in houses instead of in the Temple (Acts 2:46;
5:42; 12:12; 18:7; 20:20; 28:30; Rom. 16:5; 1 Cor. 16:19; Col. 4:15).
In fact, meeting in homes was one of the earmarks of the early Church.
Although it is true that many of them met in homes because they could
not build large churches, the "house church" model of the early Church
produced strong, involved Christians, and effectively moved people away
from the "spectator" model of worship.
In the small groups that met in houses, everyone could get involved and
strengthen themselves by publically praying, manifesting holy spirit,
and ministering to others. Sometimes everyone was so anxious to get
involved that it produced a sort of confused pandemonium in the
meeting, so Paul counseled the Corinthians to keep the meeting orderly.
1 Corinthians 14:26
What then shall we say, brothers? When you come together, everyone
has a hymn, or a word of instruction, a revelation, a tongue or an
interpretation. All of these must be done for the strengthening of the
church.
While confusion in the meeting is not good, it is understandable. These
early Christians knew too well what it meant to not be allowed to
participate in the worship and be forced by Law to be a spectator. When
God opened the door for them to participate in the meeting, they were a
little over-excited about it. But it seems certain that God would
rather have that than what He has in many fellowships today-believers
who seem only too happy to relegate their priesthood back to the few
leaders and remain silent even though there is time for everyone to
pray, manifest the gift of holy spirit, or share something. Jesus
Christ gave ministries, ways of serving, to each Christian. No one was
left out. Each holy, royal, Christian "priest" can, and is supposed to,
serve God and fellow believers by way of the individual gift he or she
has been given.
1 Peter 4:10
Each one should use whatever gift he has received to serve others,
faithfully administering God's grace in its various forms.
Each believer is to actively participate in the worship of God, and to
help them to grow in the faith are men and women whom Christ gifted
with what we of Spirit & Truth Fellowship International refer to as
"equipping ministries." Our term "equipping ministries" comes from
Ephesians 4:11 and 12, which says that apostles, prophets, evangelists,
pastors and teachers are to "equip" the believers (ESV; NAB; NET; NRSV;
RSV. cp. NASB).
Old Habits Die Hard - Old Testament Ideas in the New Testament Church
There is a saying that "Old habits die hard," and that certainly was
the case when it came to how Christianity was practiced by the fourth
century. Sadly, the pattern of the strict separation between the
priests and the people once again became the norm in the Christian
Church. Apparently after the original apostles died, the people who
were called by the Lord as apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors,
and teachers stopped "equipping" the believers for works of service and
took over the works of service themselves, leaving the people to once
again be spectators of the service.
Over the decades the separation between the new "priests" and the
people became more and more complete. Eventually it was taught that the
"equipping" ministries did not last beyond the early church, and in
another astounding move back to the pattern of Old Testament worship,
women were no longer accepted as leaders in the Church (a sad state
that still exists in many modern denominations, supported by tradition
and mistranslation of the Scriptures).
Under the influence of tradition and the way people viewed Church
organization, verses that should have helped Christians see the truth
of the priesthood of every believer were mistranslated, adding support
to "spectator Christianity." One of those verses is Ephesians 4:12. For
example, the King James Version, after saying that Christ gave the five
equipping ministries, says what they do in the Church:
Ephesians 4:12 (KJV)
For the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for
the edifying of the body of Christ:
The way the King James Version translates and punctuates this verse, it
is the equipping ministries that do all the work in the Church. They
"perfect" (or "equip") the believers, they do the work of the ministry,
and they edify (or build up) the Body of Christ.
What is left for the "regular" believer to do? Not much, and that is
how the average Christian has been treated through much of the history
of the Christian Church. In fact, if we listen to how Christians speak
about each other, it is apparent that Christianity has become a
"spectator's sport." In many denominations a person is said to be a
"good" Christian if he or she "attends church regularly."
Almost gone from Christian consciousness is the truth that a "good"
Christian is one who is "equipped" to do the work of the ministry, and
does it. As priests to God serving under the High Priest, Jesus Christ,
"good" Christians pray boldly both privately and publically, share
their faith with others, help unbelievers come to the faith, read their
Bibles faithfully and believe it, obey the commands of Scripture, are
aware of the spiritual war raging around them and fight against evil,
and so on.
Structure Defines Function: How Church Buildings Defined Worship
Occasionally, "victory" results in defeat, and that certainly seems to
be the case with church buildings. For the first three hundred years of
the Church, Christians were often persecuted, and as a result, they
usually met in small groups in homes or places such as the catacombs in
Rome. The blessing of a small meeting is that everyone has an
opportunity to participate, and the result of constant participation
was that Christians became strong in the faith.
When the Roman Emperor Constantine became a Christian in 312 A.D., the
persecution of Christians stopped, and within twenty years of
Constantine's conversion, church buildings were being erected for
Christian worship. The buildings were usually large, and the size
and shape of the buildings had a lot of influence on the worship
service that was held inside. One immediate consequence of a large
meeting was that it limited the participation of the people. If there
were 500 worshippers, there was simply not enough time for everyone to
pray, share what the Lord was doing in their lives, or manifest the
gift of holy spirit. A large church building made it easy for a
Christian to have a spectator mindset, and contributed to the spectator
mentality in Christianity.
It was only about twenty-five years after Jesus was crucified that the
Apostle Paul wrote to the Church at Corinth and said, "your meetings do
more harm than good" (1 Cor. 11:17). In the specific case of the
Corinthians, their meetings were harmful because of the division that
was being fostered by the attitudes the believers had toward one
another. However, it certainly seems that if Paul had gone to many
church meetings in the centuries after 312 A.D., he would have written
the same thing.
Modern "Spectator Christianity" Produces Weak Christians
There is ample evidence that modern "spectator Christianity" produces
weak Christians. Even Christians who go to church regularly are rarely
equipped to walk out on what the Bible says Christians are to do. For
example, it is not uncommon to have someone who has gone to church for
years to be afraid to pray out loud in a group because he or she has
never done it before. Furthermore, very few of them really know their
Bible, and because they never get to open their Bible and share from
it, they cannot help others with "it is written," like so many great
men and women of the Bible historically did. In fact, it is safe to say
that most Christians cannot even recite the names of the books of the
Bible if they were asked to do so. Also, very few church-goers are
comfortable sharing their faith with unbelievers, even though they
confess that being saved means the difference between eternal life and
eternal death. "Spectator Christianity" also limits the personal
contact that men and women with equipping ministries have with the
people who come to church for worship. The equipping ministers have no
real time to genuinely deal with the people as individuals, discover
their needs, and help equip them to serve.
Thankfully, the house church movement is growing in Christianity, and
even some very large churches are encouraging small groups, sometimes
referred to as "cell groups," to meet during the week. These smaller
groups allow for much more personal growth than is afforded in the
large church meetings. As Christians, we need to take what God has done
for us seriously and make the priesthood we have been given a part of
our daily lives. We also need to demand that those believers who Christ
has set in his Body to equip us, do their jobs and genuinely equip us
for ministry. We need to allow our apostles to help organize the church
and raise up local leaders; we need to listen to our prophets and give
them the freedom they need to speak up for God; we need to ask our
evangelists to help us reach the unsaved world with the Gospel; we
need to go to our pastors to get the encouragement and counsel that we
need to stand day after day in the spiritual battle; and we need to
demand that our teachers not just preach a social gospel, but tell us
what the Bible means, so we ourselves can read, understand, and act on
it.
Thank God for His amazing grace in allowing each of us direct access to
Him and to serve Him as holy and royal priests! Let us not "despise our
birthright" as Esau did and be willing to sell (or simply give away)
our positions as priests (Gen. 25:29-34; Heb. 12:16). Rather, let us
each live as powerful priests, doing the work of the ministry,
"faithfully administering God's grace in its various forms" (1 Pet.
4:10).
2 Timothy 2:15
Study to shew thyself approved unto God,
a workman that needeth not to be ashamed,
rightly dividing the word of truth.
May you, and all those you love,
be so blessed and fortunate
as to stand approved before God,
unashamed of your workmanship.
May God Always Bless You and Yours As
You Stand Steadfast on His Word Of Truth!
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